Gender and sidetoside differences of femoral condyles. When, however, the femur is in its natural oblique. Three hundred sixty greek caucasian dried femori 180 left and 180 right, from 192 males and 168 females, were measured using a digital caliper. Most of these fractures are due to highenergy trauma and are associated with signi. It is the small, medially directed eminence of the medial condyle. The larger lateral femoral condyle provides a bony buttress that helps provide lateral patellar stability. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, tibia statpearls.
Femur, tibia and fibula and patella lec 32 flashcards. Intercondylar fossa shows two walls medial and lateral. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, femur statpearls ncbi. The purpose of the present study was to conduct direct measurements in a large sample of dried femori in order to record certain morphometric parameters of the femoral condyles and determine whether there are gender and side differences. The distal end of the femur forms two large round protuberances on the outer side, the medial and lateral condyles. The iliotibial band prevents flexion of the tibia on the femur. The patella articulates with the femoral sulcus or anterior articular surface of the distal femur, which is a coalescence of the medial and lateral femoral condyles. Check anterior movement of femur on the tibial plateau prevents femur from sliding forward injury. The medial epicondyle of the femur is an epicondyle, a bony protrusion, located on the medial side of the femur at its distal end. The medial meniscus is a fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially, located between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia. The fovea on the head of the femur provides attachment to the ligament of the head round ligament, or ligamentum teres. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation. The femur is classed as a long bone, only bone in the thigh, and the longest bone in the body.
The muscle forms a thin aponeurosis that is inserted into the deep fascia of the proximal hind limb, the head of the fibula, the lateral tibial condyle, and the capsule of the knee joint. The lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint. An antero medial approach to the distal femur was performed. Similarly, the smooth region of the distal and posterior medial femur is the medial condyle of the femur, and the irregular outer, medial side of this is the medial epicondyle of the femur. Medial condyle definition of medial condyle by the free. During flexion and extension motions, the condyles of the femur both roll and glide over the surfaces of the tibia. Two projections of bone come off of the tibial plateau called the intercondylar tubercles eminence. It is a posterior muscle, that crosses the knee from the medial tibia to the lateral femur, the tendonous portion becomes intraarticular, runs just behind the lateral meniscus, and inserts at the lateral femoral condyle anterior and distal to the epicondyle. The posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.
Distally the linea aspera forms two ridges known as the lateral. The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bones distal end. The anatomy is consistent, straight forward and provides a large block of corticocancellous bone well suited to reconstruction of defects in both the upper. The knee is comprised of three bones, the femur, patella, and tibia. I was diagnosed with a nondisplaced fracture of the medial femoral condyle 4 weeks after i slipped on the ice and landed directly on my left knee cap. Medial and lateral condyles medial and lateral tibial plateaus tibial tuberosity anterior. Projecting from each condyle is an epicondyle that act as attachment sites for the collateral ligaments. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur its attachments, bony landmarks and clinical correlations. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. Lateral condyle shows a groove just above lateral epicondyle for tendon of popliteus muscle.
In the upright skeleton, the shaft of the femur lies obliquely and the condyles appear to be aligned distally if the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle 35. The hoffa fracture is an uncommon, coronallyoriented fracture which extends through either the medial or lateral condyle. Medial and lateral condyle join the femur to the tibia, forming the knee joint. Lateral and medial condyles the lateral and medial condyles are going to articulate form a joint with the patella and tibia bone of the leg, creating the tibiofemoral joint. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts. Medial femoral condyle musculoskeletal, skeletal anatomyzone. On the posterior surface of the distal femur are the medial condyle and the lateral condyle. The thigh is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint. Medial condyle of the femur definition of medial condyle of. The upper end of femur is spherical in shape known as head of femur. It took its normal course running on the medial side of the leg, passing behind the medial condyle of tibia and femur and then ascending on medial aspect of thigh to open into the common. The lateral condyle is the more prominent and is the broader both in its anteroposterior and transverse diameters. Three hundred sixty greek caucasian dried femori 180 left and 180 right, from 192 males and 168 females, were measured using a.
The medial femoral condyle can be palpated in the flexed knee, medial to the patellar ligament, from the joint line distally to the proximal extent of the condyle medial to the patella. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera a ridge with two lips. When someone fractures their knee or their femur, it is unusual to have an isolated medial condyle femur fracture. The medial surface includes the portion between the medial border and the linea aspera. The semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles are inserted into the medial tibial condyle and can rotate the lower leg medially. Avascular necrosis, osteochondral injuries of femur and. Arthroscopic anatomy of the knee joint and portals intechopen. Derived copy of anatomy of selected synovial joints openstax cnx. Medial condyle fractures involve a fracture line that extends through and separates the medial metaphysis and epicondyle from the rest of the humerus see image below. Medial condyle fractures of the tibia are typically a result of varus force with axial loading. Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for. Holes are drilled into the cruciate ligament attachment points on the tibia and femur, and the.
The deep medial ligament dmcl is divided into two, the meniscofemoral and meniscotibial ligaments. The medial collateral ligament prevents varus stress of the tibia on the femur. Osteopathic manipulative medicinelower extremity and gait. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or tendinous insertion.
The tibia is one of two bones that comprise the leg. Femur project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. Biceps femoris muscle an overview sciencedirect topics. The knee joint is a modified hinge joint between the femur, tibia and patella. It is a posterior muscle, that crosses the knee from the medial tibia to the lateral femur, the tendonous portion inserts at the lateral femoral condyle. Medial collateral ligament of the knee physiopedia. Learn more about the femur in this anatomy tutorial. The anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior translation of the femur on the tibia. There are medial and lateral articular facets on the tibial plateau and medial and lateral femoral condyles on the distal femur with are convex and circular shaped.
Kreder, in musculoskeletal examination and joint injection techniques, 2006. Apr 23, 2019 the medial meniscus is a fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially, located between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia. The superficial medial collateral ligament smcl has one femoral and two tibial attachments. Abnormal passive posterior displacement, posterior drawer sign. Medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the. Parallel to lateral collateral ligament and perpendicular to acl.
A novel technique for fixation of a medial femoral condyle. Its length varies from onefourth to onethird of that of the body. The leg is specifically the region between the knee joint and the ankle joint. The fovea allows for the attachment of the ligament of head of the femur. Full knee flexion is required to palpate the inferior part of the condyle. Articulates with the condyles of the femur superiorly and talus inferiorly. Important landmarks on the femur for the site of attachment of muscles such as the piriformis and psoas include the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter, respectively.
The code is valid for the year 2020 for the submission of hipaacovered transactions. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, knee statpearls ncbi. The attachments of the fiber bundles of the posterior. Data were obtained to describe the size, position, and center of the pcl bundles related to clock positions and referenced to the center of the circular posterior medial condyle on the femur, as well as to the mediolateral and anteroposterior dimensions of the tibia. The proximal attachment blends into the semimembranosus tendon and the insertion of the distal attachment is at the posteromedial crest of the tibia.
Prominent elevations present on medial and lateral condyles of femur are medial and lateral epicondyles. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution 4. The distal end of the femur has medial and lateral bony expansions. A study looked at the patients who had sustained a fracture of either femoral condyle over a sevenyear period. Medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia function medial from kin 2500 at louisiana state university. Femur, tibia and fibula and patella lec 32 quizlet. An adductor tubercle present on medial condyle of in its upper part. The displaced medial femoral condyle was reduced and provisionally fixed in place with multiple 1. As mentioned previously, the knee is the most weightbearing joint in the human body making it highly susceptible to injury. On the lateral side, the smooth portion that covers the distal and posterior aspects of the lateral expansion is the lateral condyle of the femur. The lateral and medial condyles are separated by the intercondylar notch. Femoral condyles the medial femoral condyle mfc is wider and has a larger articulating surface area than the lateral condyle lfc, although the lfc is larger anteroposteriorly. Because of this, these fractures are prone to be missed. There are two condylar joints between the femur and tibia tibiofemoral.
The biceps femoris muscle arises from the ischial tuberosity. The anterior articular surfaces of the condyles become less convex and form a vshaped groove, known as the trochlear sulcus. The tibia runs medial to the fibula from just below the knee joint to the ankle joint and is connected by the. The structure indicated is the medial condyle of the femur the distal end of the femur forms two rounded condyles which articulate with the tibia below and the patella anteriorly the medial condyle and the lateral condyle the linea aspera is a roughened crest of bone on the posterior aspect of the femur. The medial condyle is the longer and, when the femur is held with its body perpendicular, projects to a lower level. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral outer condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the centre of mass being medial to the knee. The medial tibial condyle crest was evaluated in 632 knee mri examinations. The medial femoral condyle flap has been noted by shin to be an excellent source of vascularized bone for treatment of complex bone defects necessitating vascularized osseus reconstruction. The angle and depth were measured by two separate evaluators. By definition, the fracture line must involve the trochlear articular surface. This is the attachment site of the tibial collateral ligament. This is usually related to an overgrowth of the medial condyle. It is the largest synovial joint in the body and allows flexion and extension of the leg as well as some rotation in the flexed position. Medial condyle is a smooth bony expansion found on the distal femur on its posterior side.
Dec 07, 2015 the hoffa fracture is an uncommon, coronallyoriented fracture which extends through either the medial or lateral condyle. The lower extremity is composed of the medial and lateral condyles, adductor tubercle, patellar surface and intercondylar fossa. Distal femur anterior view medial condyle right femur 36. The lateral condyle and articular cartilage are preserved and form an anatomic continuum, which allows the fixation of a cemented reconstructive device. Like the upper limb, the lower limb is divided into three regions. The medial condyle is structurally larger and bears more weight because it is positioned closer to the center of mass than the smaller, broad. Medial condyle of distal femur shows a detached osteochondral fracture with sequestrum and large area of cartilage and cortical loss stage 5 injury. The bones of the knee comprise the femur thigh bone, tibia shin bone, patella kneecap, and to a lesser degree the fibula. The medial and lateral femoral condyles articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia to form the knee joint. The medial meniscus has more of a crescent shape while the lateral meniscus is more circular. The biceps femoris muscle is inserted into the head of the fibula.
The tibia forms the knee joint proximally with the femur and forms the ankle joint distally with the fibula and talus. An anteromedial approach to the distal femur was performed. Mar 18, 2016 in the upright skeleton, the shaft of the femur lies obliquely and the condyles appear to be aligned distally if the shaft is held perpendicular to the floor, the medial condyle is seen to project further inferiorly compared to the lateral condyle 35. The femoral head is supported by the neck of the femur. The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bones distal end located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or tendinous insertion, of the adductor magnus. Tomofix medial distal femur plate surgical technique depuy synthes companies 1 2 position patient place the patient in a supine position. Visualization of the hip, knee, and ankle joint with the image intensi. Anteroposterior e and lateral f plain radiographs and computed tomography g of the distal femur showing a large. Medial condyle of femur definition of medial condyle of. This injury is classified as a type 33b3 fracture by the orthopaedic trauma association.
Posteriorly, they project considerably and a deep notch, the intercondylar fossa of femur, is present between them. It is composed of 3 bones and 3 joints although 2 of the 3 joints share a common cavity. The femur articulates with the hip at the acetabulum of the pelvis. It also provides some valgus and rotational stability in knee flexion.
This muscle can be used to administer intramuscular injections 12 m. Medial condyle is a smooth bony expansion found on. The femoral attachment is situated on the medial epicondyle. Diagram demonstrating the posterior view of the origin red and insertion blue landmarks on the femur. Multiple muscles of the hip and thigh regions make long, thin attachments to the femur along the linea aspera.
Medial condyle medical definition merriamwebster medical. Matching the patella, the lateral portion of the femoral sulcus is relatively broader and contains a higher lateral ridge than the medial portion. The pcl attaches at the medial condyle of the femur and the. The lateral femoral condyle is comparatively narrow posteriorly, where it is not in weightbearing apposition with the tibia. The knee is the largest synovial joint in the body.
From its origin, the posterior cruciate ligament travels anterior and slightly medial where it is joined by one or two cords from the lateral meniscus the anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments or the ligament of humphrey and the ligament of riesburg respectively to attach the medial condyle of the femur in the intercondylar notch. A valgus deformity also can result from imperfect restoration of position. The medial tibiofemoral joint and lateral tibiofemoral joint are located. Surgical management of chapter 37 metastatic bone disease. On each condyle is a smaller epicondyle which serve as the point of attachment for the collateral ligaments the medial collateral mcl and the lateral collateral ligaments lcl. It is also referred to as the internal semilunar fibrocartilage. Multiple muscles of the hip and thigh regions make long, thin attachments to the. A classification scheme for subtyping of hoffa fractures based on location within the condyle has previously been proposed. Medial epicondyle the medial epicondyle is located above the medial condyle hence the prefix epi, and it provides attachment of the adductor magnus and gastrocnemius muscles. Mar 20, 2020 the blood supply to the epiphysis is through the softtissue attachments at the medial epicondyle. World heritage encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection. Stress fracture of the medial tibial condyle request pdf. Prominent lateral and medial condyles are found at the distal end of the femur. The lateral part consists of a lateral femoral condyle, lateral tibial plateau.
Tibial articulation surface over the lateral condyle is short and straight anteroposteriorly whereas the part over the medial condyle is longer and is convex medially. It provides side of attachment of ligament of head. The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur, the other being the lateral condyle. These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones.
The main function of the femur is to transmit forces from the tibia to the hip joint. Epicondylus medialis femur, epicondylus medialis femoris description. Connected by a dense interosseous membrane to the fibula. The lower extremity of femur, larger than the upper, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its anteroposterior.
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